Tz'unun Ya'.com-Language

Tz'utujil is from the larger branch of Quichean Mayan languages:

The Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala (ALMG) is the best source for information about the Mayan languages.

For a great (and free!) Spanish dictionary (online or downloadable), check out FREELANG.

Basic Tz'utujil

Introduction

This is a short document that translates common words and phrases between Tz’utujil, Spanish, and English. Should you have an opportunity to visit the Western shores of Lake Atitlán, you’ll find that the local Tz’utujil really appreciate foreigners who try to learn a bit about their culture and language. The following material relates most specifically to the Tz’utujil spoken in San Pedro La Laguna. There is substantial variation in Tz’utujil so this document can serve merely as an introduction.

Este es un breve documento que traduce palabras y frases communes entre Tz’utujil, Español, e Inglés. Si tendria la oportunidad a visitar las orillas occidentales del Lago de Atitlán, encontraras que los Tz’utujiles estiman los extranjeros quienes tratan aprender un poco sobre su cultura e idioma.

Pronunciation

Tz’utujil [dz- oot oo hēēl] has a number of tricky sounds which one does not commonly hear in the Romance or Germanic languages. After each Tz’utujil word and phrase below I have indicated a rough guide to pronunciation using English sounds and words (where possible). After each English word or phrase below I have indicated a rough guide to pronunciation using Spanish sounds. Spaces in these pronunciation guides indicate syllables. The only novel mark I’ve had to create is the sign “-” to indicate the glottal pause that is so common in Tz’utujil. For English speakers, it is something akin to the open-mouthed gasp one utters after hearing something shocking (what!!?? uh-). Below, I note the Tz’utujil word followed by a pronunciation guide followed by the Spanish translation followed by the English translation.

Después de cada traducción en Inglés, he dado una approximación cruda de los sonidos de las palabras en Inglés.

Phrases (Frases)

· Utz aawach? [ootz ah watch] / Utz, maltiyoox. [ootz mall tēē yōsh] Ja ka atet? [ha kaw atet] / Utz chaqajaa’, maltiyoox. [ootz chalk ah hah-, mall tēē yōsh] = como estás? / bien, gracias. y tu? / estoy bien tambien, gracias = how are you? / fine, thanks. how are you? / I’m fine also, thanks [how ar yuu / fayn, thanks. how ar yuu / Ay’m fayn alsōō, thanks]

· Utz k’aari’/utz nak’a/je’ee [ootz k- aw ree-/oots knock- aw/hay āā] = está bien = fine, sounds good, okay [fayn, sowndz gud, ōh kāā]

· Naq aab’ii’ [knock awb- ēē-] = como te llamas? = what’s your name? [wats yuur nāām]

· Naq ab’anoon [knock ob- on own] = cómo estás? = how are you doing? [how ar yuu duu ing]

· Naq naab’an [knock knob- on] = que haces? = what are you doing? [wat ar yuu duu ing]

· Naq k’a [knock k- aw] = quien es, que es = who is it, what is it [huu is it, wat is it]

· Jaru’ ajuunaa’ [ha roo- ah hoon gnaw-] = cuantos años tiene? = how old are you? [how ōōld ar yuu]

· Jaru’ rajil? [ha roo- raw hēēl] = cuanto cuesta? = how much is it? [how much is it]

· Jaru’ nuuk’aas [ha roo- new k- aws] = cuanto debo? = how much do I owe you? [how much duu ay ōō yuu]

· Jar atet k’a naq chi saamaajiil naab’an [har aw tet k- aw knock chēē sawm ah hēēl knob- on] = tú, que trabajo haces? = what kind of work do you do? [wat kaynd of wurk duu yuu duu]

· ¡Jo’! [hō- ] = vamos! = let’s go! [letz gōō]

· B’aar at petinaq wi’? [b- are ought pet ēē knock wē-] = de donde viene? = where are you from? [wer ar yuu from]

· Kinakuyu’/cha nuumak [key naw koo you-/chaw new mock] = perdoname = excuse me [eks kuus mee]

· Ninb’e pa kayib’al [nēēn bay pa ki yēē ball] = voy al mercado = I am (I’m) going to the market [ay’m gōō ing to tha market]

· ¡Tachajij aawii’! [tawch aw hēē ah wēē] = ¡Cuida te! = Be careful! [bēē cair ful]

· Q’ila’ chik na [k- ey law- chēēk gnaw] =¡Nos Vemos! = see you later! [see yuu lāātur]

· ¡Xtiqaatz’at chik na qii’! [shtēē cawtz- ought chēē gnaw key-] = ¡Nos Vemos! = See you later! [sēē yuu lāāt ur]

· K’o/K’ooli jun [k-ōh/ k-ōh lee hoon] = hay un/a = there is a(n) [ther is aa(an)]

· Taya’a’ [tie yaw- ah-] = da me = give me [giv mēē]

· Tab’ana’ jun utziil [tawb- awn aw- hoon ootz ēēl] = hágame un favor = do me a favor [do mēē ā fāv ur]

· Maltiyoox [mall tēē yōsh] = gracias = thank you (thanks) [thank yuu (thanks)]

· Sib’alaj maltiyoox [seeb- all ah mall tēē yōsh] = muchas gracias = thank you very much (thanks very much) [thank yuu ver ēē much (thanks ver ēē much)]

· Jee’ [hay’] = es (afirmación) = yeah (affirmation) [yeh]

· Ma [maw] = no (negación) = no (negation) [nōō]

· Kan [kawn] = si = yes [yes]

· Ma kan ta [maw con taw] = no = no [nōō]

· Ma k’o ta [maw k- ōh taw] = no hay = there is not [ther is not]

Interrogatives (Interrogativos)

· B’aar chi ri (tri) [b- are trēē] = dónde, adónde = where [wer]

· B’ajan [b- a hawn] = cuándo = when [wen]

· Jaru’ [ha roo-] = cuánto = how much [how much]

· Jani’ [ha nēē-] = cómo = how [how]

· Naq [knock] = qué, quién = what, who [wat, hoo]

· Naq chi re (tre) [knock tray] = por qué = why [way]

Nouns (Sustantivos)

· Aab’aj [ab aw] = piedra, roca = stone, rock [stōōn, rawk]

· Aachi [aw chēē] = hombre = man [man]

· Aaj [aah] = cana = cane stalk [kāān stawk]

· Achib’al [awtch ēēb-all ] = imagen, foto = image, photo [im uj, fōtō]

· Achik’ [awtch ēēk-] = sueno = dream [drēēm]

· Aj’iik’ [aw- ēēk-] = sirvienta = servant [sur vant]

· Ajil [aw hēēl] = precio = price [priis]

· Ajk’aay [awk- eye] = vendedor(a) = merchant [mur chant]

· Ajkeem [awk ēēm] = tejedora = weaver [wee vur]

· Ajpub’/kinich [aw poob-/key nēētch] = el sol = sun [son]

· Ajtijaal [aw tēē hall] = escuela = school [skuul]

· Ak’aal [awk- all] = niño = boy [boy]

· Alaq’oom [all awk- oom] = ladrón = robber [rob ur]

· Alaxib’al [all osh ēēb- all] = nacimiento = birth [burth]

· Aq’oom [awk- oom] = medicina = medicine [med is in]

· Atat [aw tot] = usted = you [yuu]

· At’ix [aw tēēsh] = estornudo = sneeze [snēēz]

· Awan [ah wan] = milpa = cornfield [korn fēēld]

· B’eey [b- ay] = camino = road [rōōd]

· Chaaj [chaw] = ceniza = ash [ash]

· Ch’akat [cha cot] = silla = chair [cheyur]

· Ch’akatwi’ [ch- awk ot we] = almohada = pillow [pil ōō]

· Ch’apaq [ch- op awk] = jabón = soap [sōōp]

· Chee’ [chay-] = árbol = tree [tree]

· Chi’ ya’ [chēē yaw-] = playa = beach [bēēch]

· Ch’iich’ [ch- each-] = carro = car [kar]

· Ch’iich’ [ch- each-] = maquina = machine [mush ēēn]

· Ch’iich’ [ch- each-] = metal = metal [met ul]

· Chiij [chēēh] = algodón = cotton [kawt un]

· Ch’ujarinaq [ch- oo hawr een awk] = loco = crazy person [krāā zēē pur son]

· Ch’uumiil [ch- oo meal] = estrella = star [star]

· Ichaaj [ēē chaw] = hierba = plant [plant]

· Iik [ēēk] = chile = chile pepper [chi lēē pep ur]

· Iik’ [ēēk-] = luna, mes = moon, month [muun, munth]

· Iiq’ [ēē yik-] = viento = wind [wehnd]

· Ikaj [ēē kaw] = hacha = axe [aks]

· Iil majk [ēēl mawk] = pecado = sin [sin]

· Ilixik [ēēl eesh eek] = servicio = service [sur vis]

· Ixix [ēē sheesh] = ustedes = you (plural) [yuu]

· Ixoq [ēēsh oak] = mujer = woman [wum en]

· Ixtan [ēēsh tawn] = senorita = unmarried woman [un mar ēēd wum an]

· Iyaaj [ēē yaw] = las ninas = girls [gurls]

· Iyoom [ēē yōwm] = comadrona = midwife [mid wayf]

· Jaan [hawn] = mosca = fly [flay]

· Jar/Ja [hawr/haw] = el/la = the [tha]

· Juunaa’ [hoon gnaw-] = año = year [yehr]

· Juyu’ [who you] = volcan = volcano [vol cāān ōō]

· Kaaj [kaw] = cielo = sky [skay]

· K’aas [k- aws] = deuda = debt [det]

· K’ajool [k- hole] = joven = young man [yung man]

· K’amol b’eey [k- awm ole b- ay] = guía = guide [gayd]

· K’asleemaal [k- aws lem all] = vida = life [layf]

· Kooch [coach] = regalo = gift [gift]

· K’uyaa’ [k- oo yaw-] = cerveza = beer [bēēyur]

· Maamaaj [mom ma] = nietos = grandsons [grand suns]

· Nimaq’iij [neem ock- ee] = fiesta = festival [fest iv ul]

· Okox [ō kōsh] = hongos = mushrooms [mush ruums]

· Oochooch/ Jaay [ō chōch/hi] = casa = house [hows]

· Palow [pall oaf] = mar = sea [see]

· Puluw [pool oof] = burbuja = bubble [bub ul]

· Puwaq [poo wock] = dinero = money [mun ēē]

· Q’aaq’ [q- awq-] = fuego = fire [fayr]

· Q’aniil /ija’tz [q- awn ēēl/ ēē haw- tz] = semilla = seed [sēēd]

· Raal [raw-] = su hijo(a) = son, daughter [sun / dawt ur]

· Riikiil [rēē kēēl] = comida = food [fuud]

· Ri’j [rēē-] = anciano, don = venerable one [ven ur ab ul wun]

· Ruuwach xaan [roo watch shkawn] = pared = wall [waul]

· Sanayii’ [sawn ayēē] = arena = sand [sand]

· Su’b’al [soo- b- all] = toalla = towel [tow ul]

· Taa’ [taw-] = anciano = old man [ōōld man]

· T’iiso’m [t- ēēsō- m] = costura = sewing [sōō ing]

· Tijob’al [tēē hōb- all] = escuela = school [skuul]

· Tijooneel [tēē hōan nāil] = maestro = teacher [tēēch ur]

· Tijoxeel [tēē hōe shāle] = estudiante = student [stuu dent]

· Tinamiit [tēēn aw meat] = pueblo = town [town]

· T’isib’al [tēase ēēb- awl] = maqina de coser = sewing machine [sōō ing mush ēēn]

· T’oot’ [t- ōwt-] = caracol = shell [shel]

· T’uy’ [t- ēēh-] = olla = pot [pawt]

· Tz’uuj [dz-ooh] = gota de lluvia = raindrop [rāān drawp]

· Tziij [dzēē] = palabra = word [wurd]

· Tziyaq [dzēē yawk] = ropa = clothes [clōōths]

· Uleew [oo lay oof] = tierra = land [land]

· Winaq [wē knock] = persona = person [purson]

· Xuk’uk’ [shoe kook] = fresco = fresh [fresh]

· Ya’ [yaw-] = agua = water [wat ur]

· Yaawaa’ [yaw wah] = enfermo = sick [sik]

· Yaab’iil [yawb- ēēl] = enfermedad = sickness, disease [sik nes, dis ēēs]

Bodies (Cuerpos)

-Rule: drop –aaj suffix when used with possessive (e.g. nuupaam-mi estomago)

· Xamaliil [shawm ah lēēl] = cuerpo human = human body [hu mun bod ēē]

· Aaq [awk] = lengua = tongue [tung]

· Achoq’aaq’ [aw choke- awq-] = musculos = muscles [muss uls]

· Aqanaaj [awk on aw] = pie = foot [fut]

· Aqanaaj [awk on aw] = pierna = leg [lāg]

· Ch’e’kaaj [ch- eh- kaw] = rodilla = knee [nēē]

· Chii’aaj [chēē- aw] = boca = mouth [mowth]

· Ch’u’kaaj [ch- ew- kaw] = codo = elbow [el bōh]

· Eeyaaj [ēē yah] = diente = tooth [tuth]

· Ismaal [is mahl] = pelo = hair [her]

· Ixkinaaj [ēēsh kēēn ah] = oreja = ear [ēēr]

· Palaj [pall off] = cara = face [fāās]

· Paamaaj [pawm ah] = estomago = stomach [stum uck]

· Poxaaj [pōsh aw] = costillas = ribs [ribs]

· Q’ab’aaj [k- ab- aah] = mano = hand [hand]

· Rwi’ aqanaaj [ ruh we awk on aw] = dedo = toe [tōh]

· Rwi’ q’ab’aaj [ ruh we k- ab- aah] = dedo = finger [feen gur]

· Tale’k [dz- ahm] = hombro = shoulder [shōl dur]

· Tz’am [dz- ahm] = nariz = nose [nohs]

· Tz’uumaal [dz- oom all] = piel = skin [sken]

· Wachaaj [watch ah] = ojo = eye [ay]

· Wi’aaj [we- ah] = cabeza = head [hed]

Families (Familias)

· Aal [awl] = hijo(a) = son [sun]

· Tee’eej [tāy- āy] = madre = mother [muth ur]

· Tatixeel [tot ēē shell] = padre = father [fawth ur]

Food (Comida)

· Riikiil [rēē kēēl] = comida = food [fuud]

· Aj [aah] = elote = corn-on-the-cob [korn on tha kawb]

· Aranxax [are rawn shesh] = naranja = orange [or anj]

· Askol [ah skōl] = azucar = sugar [shug ur]

· Atz’aam [awtz- awm] = sal = salt [sawlt]

· Ch’oob’ [ch- ōbe-] = pina = pineapple [piin ap ul]

· Iik [ēēk] = chile = chile pepper [chil ēē pep ur]

· Ixiim [ēēsh eēm] = maiz = corn [korn]

· Kaxlan way [kawsh lawn why] = pan = bread [bred]

· Mololon aq’oom [mole ole loan awk- ohm] = pimienta = pepper [pep ur]

· Ooj [ōōh] = aguacate = avocado[ah gwa ka teh]

· Raxamuuniil [rosh ahmoon ēēl] = fruta = fruit [fruut]

· Saqwach [sock watch] = papa = potato [pa tāāt ōōh]

· Saq’uul [sock- ool] = banana = banana [buh nan uh]

· Saqmooloo’ [sock mow low-] = huevo = egg [āāg]

· Tii’iij [tēē- ēē] = carne = meat [mēēt]

· Way [why] = tortilla = tortilla [tor tēē ya]

· Xanakat [shawn ah kawt] = cebolla = onion [ung yun]

· Ya’ [yaw-] = agua = water [wat ur]

Religion (Religión)

· Ajq’iij [awk- ēy] = sacerdote Maya = daykeeper, shaman [dāy kēēp ur , shāām un]

· Ajaaw [ah how] = Dios = God [gawd]

· Aj’iitz [aw- eats] = brujo = witch [wich]

· Iitz [eats] = brujeria = witchcraft [wich kraft]

· K’axtok’ [k- osh toke-] = diablo = devil [dev ul]

· K’u’x [k- oo- sh] = alma = soul [sool]

· Mookaaj [mōe kah] = grupos religiosos = sects [sekts]

· Nawaliil [nah wall ēēl] = creencias = beliefs [bel ēēfs]

· Tiyoox [tēē yōhsh] = santos = saints [sāānts]

· Xolob’xeel [show lobe- shell] = Espiritu Santo = Holy Spirit [hōōl ēē speer it]

· Xukuleem [shoe koo lay em] = Ceremonia Maya = Mayan fire ceremony [ser e mown ēē]

· Yuqub’al k’u’x [you koob- all k- oosh] = fé = faith [fāāth]

Animals (Animales)

· Chikop [chēē cop] = animal = animal [an im ul]

· Ak’ [ack-] = gallina = chicken [chik un]

· Am [awm] = araña = spider [spiid ur]

· Ch’ooy [ch- oi] = ratón = rat [rat]

· Ch’uu’ [ch- oo-] = pescado = fish [fish]

· Jaan [hawn] = mosca = fly [flay]

· Juut [hoot] = gusano = worm [wurm]

· Keej [kēēyāāy] = caballo = horse [hors]

· Ko’k [kōō- k] = tortuga = turtle [tur tul]

· Kuuk [kook] = ardilla = squirrel [skwur ul]

· Mama’ [ma ma-] = gallo = rooster [roo stur]

· Mix [meesh] = gato = cat [kat]

· Paar [par] = zorro = fox [fawks]

· Sootz’ [sōōdz-] = murcielago = bat [bat]

· Tap [top] = cangrejo = crab [krab]

· Tix [tēēsh] = elephante = elephant [el ef unt]

· T’uq [t- ook] = gallina = chicken [chik un]

· Tz’i’ [dz- ēē-] = perro = dog [dawg]

· Tz’ikin [dz- eek ēēn] = pajaro = bird [burd]

· Umul [oo mool] = conejo = rabbit [rab it]

· Us [oos] = mosquito = mosquito [mosk ēēt ōō]

· Wajkax [waw kosh] = vaca = cow [kaw]

· Xijk [shik] = águila = eagle [ēē gul]

Colors (Colores)

· Kaq [kawk] = rojo = red [red]

· Q’an [k- an] = amarillo = yellow [yel ōō]

· Q’aq [k- awk] = negro = black [blak]

· Rax [rawsh] = verde = green [green]

· Saq [sock] = blanco = white [wiit]

· Xaar [shar] = azul = blue [bluu]

Numbers (Numeros)

· Ajilib’al [aw hēēl ēēb- all] = numeración = numbers [num burs]

· Jun [hoon] = uno = one [wun]

· Ka’i [kaw- ēēh] = dos = two [tuu]

· Oxi’ [ō she-] = tres = three [thrēē]

· Kaji’ [kaw he-] = cuatro = four [for]

· Jo’oo’ [hō- ōh] = cinco = five [fīīv]

· Waaqii’ [wah key-] = seis = six [siks]

· Wuuquu’ [woo koo-] = siete = seven [sev un]

· Waqxaquii’ [wock shock ēē-] = ocho = eight [āāt]

· B’elejee’ [b- ell eh hāy-] = nueve = nine [niin]

· Lajuuj [law who] = diez = ten [ten]

· Junlajuuj [hoon law who] = once = eleven [el ev un]

· Kab’lajuuj [kawb- law who] = doce = twelve [twelv]

· Oxlajuuj [ōsh law who] = trece = thirteen [thur tēēn]

· Kajlajuuj [kaw law who] = catorce = fourteen [for tēēn]

· Jo’lajuuj [hō- law who] = quince = fifteen [fif tēēn]

· Waqlajuuj [wawk law who] = dieciseis = sixteen [siks tēēn]

· Wuqlajuuj [wook law who] = diecisiete = seventeen [sev en tēēn]

· Wajxaqlajuuj [waw shock law who] = dieciocho = eighteen [ā tēēn]

· B’elejlajuuj [b- ail ay law who] = diecinueve = nineteen [nin tēēn]

· Winaq/k’al [key knock/k-awl] = veinte = twenty [twen tēē]

Ordinal Numbers (Numeros Ordinales)

· Najb’eey [nawb- āāy] = primero = first [furst]

· Ruukaab’ [rook awb] = segundo = second [second]

· Roox [rōsh] = tercero = third [thurd]

· Ruukaaj [rook aw] = cuarto = fourth [forth]

· Roo’ [row-] = quinto = fifth [fifth]

· Ruwaqaaq [roo wawk awk] = sexto = sixth [sixth]

· Ruwuuq [roo wook] = séptimo = seventh [seventh]

· Ruwajxaaq [roo waw shock] = octavo = eighth [ā th]

· Rub’eleej [roob- ail ay] = noveno = ninth [nīnth]

· Lajuuj [law who] = décimo = tenth [tenth]

Verbs (Verbos)

· Ajo’b’eeneem [aw hoe- b- en em] = querer = to want [tuu want]

· Ak’axaaneem [ock- osh en em] = escuchar = to listen [tuu lis un]

· B’eenaam [b- āāy nam] = ir = to go [tuu gōō]

· B’iinaq [b- ēēy knock] = decir = to say [tuu sāā]

· B’ijneem [b- ēēy nem] = caminar = to walk [tuu wawk]

· B’ixaaneem [b- ēēx aw nem] = cantar = to sing [tuu sing]

· Ch’ayooneem [ch- eye own em] = pegar = to adhere [tuu ad hey ur]

· Choyooneem [choy own em] = cortar = to cut [tuu kut]

· Chupuuneem [choop oon em] = apagar = to turn off [tuu turn awf]

· Jaqooneem [hawk own em] = abrir = to open [tuu ōōp en]

· Kab’aaneem [kawp- awn em] = callerse = to shut up [tuu shut up]

· Kamik [kaw meek] = morir = to die [tuu dii]

· K’amooj [k-aw mōh] = traer = to bring [tuu bring]

· Kanooneem [kawn own em] = buscar = to look for [tuu luk for]

· K’astaaneem [k- ost awn em] = pasear = to walk, to wander [tuu wawk / tuu won dur]

· K’isooj [k- ey soh] = acabar = [tuu fin ish]

· Kotz’oleem [coats- oh lem] = acostar = to lie down, to go to sleep [tuu lii down / tuu gōō tuu sleep]

· Kuchuuneem [kooch oon em] = cubrir = to cover [tuu kuv ur]

· K’utuuneem [k- oot oon em] = pedir = to ask for [tuu ask for]

· Loq’ooneem [low k- own em] = comprar = to buy [tuu bii]

· Mesooj [mays oh] = barrer = to sweep [tuu swēēp]

· Mich’ooneem [mēēch- own em] = arrancar = to extract [tuu eks trakt]

· Ookeem [oak em] = entrar = to enter [tuu en tur]

· Oq’eej [oak- eh] = llorar = to cry [tuu cray]

· Qajooj [ka hoe] = prestar = to lend [tuu lend]

· Q’ejtexik [k- ay taysh ik] = abrazar = to hug [tuu hug]

· Samaajiineem [saw maw hēēn em] = trabajar = to work [tuu wurk]

· Sik’iineem [sēēk- ēēn em] = leer = to read [tuu rēēd]

· Su’uuneem [soo- ooh nem] = limpiar = to clean [tuu klēēn]

· Taqooj [tock hoe] = enviar = to send [tuu send]

· Ti’jooneem [tēē- hoe em] = ensenar = to teach [tuu tēēch]

· Tiko’miineem [tēēkoh- mean em] = sembrar = to sow [sōō]

· Tz’ib’aaneem [dzēē -b- aw nem] = escuchar = to listen [tuu lis en]

· Tzijooneem [dzēē- hone em] = hablar = to speak [tuu spēēk]

· Tz’ub’uleem [dz- oob- ool em] = sentar = to sit [tuu sit]

· Wa’iimeem [waw- ēēm em] = comer = to eat [tuu ēēt]

· Waraameem [wah rawm em] = dormir = to sleep [tuu slēēp]

· Xajooj [shaw hoe] = bailar = to dance [tuu dans]

· Ya’ooneem [yaw- own em] = dar = to give [tuu giv]

Verb Conjugations (Conjugaciones de verbos)

Present Preterite Future

Ninb’e = voy = I go Xinb’e = fui = I went Xkinb’e na = iré = I will go

Natb’e = vas = you go Xatb’e = fuiste = you went Xkatb’e na = irás = you will go

Nb’e = va = he goes Xb’e = fue = he went Xtib’e na = irá = he will go

Noqb’e = vamos = we go Xoqb’e = fuimos = we went Xkojb’e na = iremos = we will go

Nixb’e = van = you go Xixb’e = fueron = you went Xkixb’e na = irán = you will go

Neeb’e = van = they go Xeeb’e = fueron = they went Xkeb’e na = irán = they will go

Present Preterite Future

Ninwa’i = como = I am eating Xinwa’i = comí = I ate Xkinwa’ na = comeré = I will eat

Natwa’i = comes = you are eating Xatwa’i = comiste = you ate Xkatwa’ na = comerás = you will eat

Nwa’i = come = he is eating Xwa’i = comió = he ate Xtiwa’ na = comerá = he will eat

Noqwa’i = comimos = we are eating Xoqwa’i = comimos = we ate Xkojwa’ na = comeremos = we will eat

Nixwa’i = comen = you are eating Xixwa’i = comieron = you ate Xkixwa’ na = comirán = you will eat

Newa’i = comen = they are eating Xwa’i = comieron = they ate Xkewa’ na = comirán = they will eat

Present Preterite Future

Nb’iij = digo = I say Xinb’iij = dije = I said Xtinb’iij na = diré = I will say

Nab’iij = dices = you say Xab’iij = dijiste = you said Xtab’iij na = dirás = you will say

Nb’iij = dice = he says Xb’iij = dijo = he said Xtib’iij na = dirá = he will say

Nab’iij = decimos = we say Xqab’iij = dijimos = we said Xtiqab’iij na = diremos = we will say

Neb’iij = dicen = you say Xeb’iij = dijeron = you said Xteb’iij na = dirán = you will say

Nkib’iij = dicen = they say Xkib’iij = dijeron = they said Xtikib’iij na = dirán = they will say

Present Preterite Future

Ninwari = duermo = I am sleeping Xinwari = dormí = I slept Xkinwar na = dormiré = I will sleep

Natwari = duermes = you are asleep Xatwari = dormiste = you slept Xkatwar na = dormirás = you will sleep

Nwari = duerme = he is asleep Xwari = durmió = he slept Xtiwar na = dormirá = he will sleep

Noqwari = dormimos = we are asleep Xoqwari = dormimos = we slept Xkojwar na = dormiremos = we will sleep

Nixwari = duermen = you are asleep Xixwari = durmieron = you slept Xkixwar na = dormirán = you will sleep

Newari = duermen = they are asleep Xewari = durmieron = they slept Xkewar na = dormirán = they will sleep

Present Preterite Future

Ninxajowi = bailo = I dance Xinxajowi = baile = I danced Xkinxajo na = bailaré = I will dance

Natxajowi = bailas = you dance Xatxajowi = bailaste = you danced Xkatxajo na = bailarás = you will dance

Nxajowi = baile = he dance Xajowi = bailo = he danced Xtixajo na = bailará = he will dance

Nojxajowi = bailamos = we dance Xojxajowi = bailamos = we danced Xkojxajo na = bailaremos = we will dance

Nix’xajowi = bailan = you dance Xix’xajowi = bailaron = you danced Xkix’xajo na = bailarán = you will dance

Nexajowi = bailan = they dance Xexajowi = bailaron = they danced Xkexajo na = bailarán = they will dance

Present Preterite Future

Ninqajooni = presto = I lend Xinqajooni = presté = I lent Xkinqajon na = prestaré = I will lend

Natqajooni = prestas = you lend Xatqajooni = prestaste = you lent Xkatqajon na = prestarás = you will lend

Nqajooni = presta = he lends Xqajooni = prestó = he lent Xtiqajon na = prestará = he will lend

Nojqajooni = prestamos = we lend Xojqajooni = prestamos = we lent Xkojqajon na = prestaremos = we will lend

Nixqajooni = prestan = you lend Xixqajooni = prestaron = you lent Xkixqajon na = prestarán = you will lend

Neqajooni = prestan = they lend Xeqajooni = prestaron = they lent Xkeqajon na = prestarán = they will lend

Present Preterite Future

Nink’am to = traigo = I bring Xink’am to = trajé = I brought Xtink’am to na = traeré = I will bring

Natk’am to = traes = you bring Xak’am to = trajiste = you brought Xtak’am to na = traerás = you will bring

Nk’am to = trae = he brings Xk’am to = trajó = he brought Xtik’am to na = traerá = he will bring

Nqak’am to = traemos = we bring Xqak’am to = trajimos = we brought Xtiqak’am to na = traeremos = we will bring

Nek’am to = traen = you bring Xek’am to = trajeron = you brought Xtek’am to na = traerán = you will bring

Nekek’am to = traen = they bring Xkek’am to = trajeron = they brought Xtikek’am to na = traerán = they will bring

Present Preterite Future

Ninloq’ooni = compro = I am buying Xinloq’ooni = compré = I bought Xkinloq’on na = compraré = I will buy

Natloq’ooni = compras = you are buying Xatloq’ooni = compraste = you bought Xkatloq’on na = comprarás = you will buy

Nloq’ooni = compra = he is buying Xloq’ooni = compró = he bought Xtiloq’on na = comprará = he will buy

Nojloq’ooni = compramos = we are buying Xojloq’ooni = compramos = we bought Xkojloq’on na = compraremos = we will buy

Nixloq’ooni = compran = you are buying Xixloq’ooni = compraron = you bought Xkixloq’on na = comprarán = you will buy

Neloq’ooni = compran = they are buying Xeloq’ooni = compraron = they bought Xkeloq’on na = comprarán = they will buy

Present Preterite Future

Ninatiini = me baño = I bathe Xinatiini = me bañé = I bathed Xkinatin na = me bañaré = I will bathe

Natatiini = te bañas = you bathe Xatatiini = te bañaste = you bathed Xkatatin na = te bañarás = you will bathe

Natiini = se baña = he bathes Xatiini = se bañó = he bathed Xti[atin na = se bañará = he will bathe

Nojatiini = nos bañamos = we bathe Xojatiini = nos bañamos = we bathed Xkojatin na = nos bañaremos = we will bathe

Nixatiini = se bañan = you bathe Xixatiini = se bañaron = you bathed Xkixatin na = se bañarán = you will bathe

Neatiini = se bañan = they bathe Xeatiini = se bañaron = they bathed Xkeatin na = se bañarán = they will bathe

Present Preterite Future

Ninooq’i = lloro = I cry Xinooq’i = lloré = I cried Xkinoq’ na = lloraré = I will cry

Natooq’i = lloras = you cry Xatooq’i = lloraste = you cried Xkatoq’ na = llorarás = you will cry

Nooq’i = llora = he cries Xooq’i = lloró = he cried Xti’oq’ na = llorará = he will cry

Nojooq’i = lloramos = we cry Xoqooq’i = lloramos = we cried Xkojoq’ na = lloraremos = we will cry

Nixooq’i = lloran = you cry Xixooq’i = lloraron = you cried Xkixoq’ na = llorarán = you will cry

Ne’ooq’i = lloran = they cry Xe’ooq’i = lloraron = they cried Xke’oq’ na = llorarán = they will cry

Present Preterite Future

Ninsamaji = trabajo = I am working Xinsamaji = trabajé = I worked Xkinsamaj na = trabajaré = I will work

Natsamaji = trabajas = you are working Xatsamaji = trabajaste = you worked Xkatsamaj na = trabajarás = you will work

Nsamaji = trabaja = he is working Xsamaji = trabajó = he worked Xkesamaj na = trabajará = he will work

Nojsamaji = trabajamos = we are working Xojsamaji = trabajamos = we worked Xkojsamaj na = trabajaremos = we will work

Nixsamaji = trabajan = you are working Xixsamaji = trabajaron = you worked Xkixsamaj na = trabajarán = you will work

Nesamaji = trabajan = they are working Xesamaji = trabajaron = they worked Xkesamaj na = trabajarán = they will work

Present Preterite Future

Ninb’iini = camino = I am walking Xinb’iini = caminé = I walked Xkinb’iin na = caminaré = I will walk

Natb’iini = caminas = you are walking Xatb’iini = caminaste = you walked Xkatb’iin na = caminarás = you will walk

Nb’iini = camina = he is walking Xb’iini = caminó = he walked Xtib’iin na = caminará = he will walk

Nojb’iini = caminamos = we are walking Xojb’iini = caminamos = we walked Xkojb’iin na = caminaremos = we will walk

Nixb’iini = caminan = you are walking Xixb’iini = caminaron = you walked Xkixb’iin na = caminarán = you will walk

Neb’iini = caminan = they are walking Xeb’iini = caminaron = they walked Xkeb’iin na = caminarán = they will walk

Present Preterite Future

Ninmeloji = regreso = I return Xinmeloji = regresé = I returned Xkinmeloj na = regresaré = I will return

Natmeloji = regresas = you return Xatmeloji = regresaste = you returned Xkatmeloj na = regresarás = you will return

Nmeloji = regresa = he returns Xmeloji = regresó = he returned Xtimeloj na = regresará = he will return

Nojmeloji = regresamos = we return Xojmeloji = regresamos = we returned Xkojmeloj na = regresaremos = we will return

Nixmeloji = regresan = you return Xixmeloji = regresaron = you returned Xkixmeloj na = regresarán = you will return

Nemeloji = regresan = they return Xemeloji = regresaron = they returned Xkemeloj na = regresarán = they will return

Present Preterite Future

Ninmesooni = barro = I sweep Xinmesooni = barrí = I swept Xkinmeson na = barreré = I will sweep

Natmesooni = barres = you sweep Xatmesooni = barriste = you swept Xkatmeson na = barrerás = you will sweep

Nmesooni = barre = he sweeps Xmesooni = barrió = he swept Xtimeson na = barrerá = he will sweep

Noqmesooni = barremos = we sweep Xoqmesooni = barremos = we swept Xkomeson na = barreremos = we will sweep

Nixmesooni = barren = you sweep Xixmesooni= barrieron = you swept Xkixmeson na = barrerán = they will sweep

Nemesooni = barren = they sweep Xemesooni = barrieron = you swept Xkemeson na = barrerán = they will sweep

Adjectives (Adjetivos)

· Aal [awl] pesado = heavy [hev ēē]

· Ach’i’y [awch- ēē-] duro = hard [hard]

· Ajninaq [ah nēēn ock] = rápido = fast [fast]

· B’olob’ik [b- ōle ōb- ēēk] = cylindrico = cylindrical [sil end rik ul]

· Ch’aap [ch- op] / Tz’iit [dz- eat] = poco = a little, a bit [āā lit ul, āā bit]

· Ch’ab’aq [ch- awb- awk] = lodo = mud [mud]

· Ch’ab’aq [ch- awb- awk] = mojado = wet [wet]

· Ch’ajch’oj [ch- awch- ōh] = limpio = clean, neat [klēēn, nēēt]

· Chak’achik [chawk- aw chēēk] = delgado = skinny [skin ēē]

· Ch’am [ch- ahm] = ácido = sour [sow ur]

· Chaq’ [chalk-] = gordo = fat [fat]

· Chaqiij [chalk ēēh] = seco = dry [dray]

· Choom [chōhm] = gordo = fat [fat]

· Choq’aaq’ [chōhq- awk-] = fuerte = strong [strong]

· Ch’uch’uj [ch- ooch- ew] = suave = soft [soft]

· Chuw [choof] = apestoso = smelly [smel ēē]

· Eqaal [eh kawl] = despacio = slow [slōh]

· Itzeel [eats el] = feo, malo = ugly, bad [ug lēē, bad]

· Jab’el [hawb- el] = bonito = pretty [pret ēē]

· Jiik [hēēk] = recto = straight [straat]

· K’aak’a [k- awk- ah] = nuevo = new [nuu]

· K’ay [k- eye] = amargo = bitter [bit ur]

· Ki’ [kēē-] = dulce, sabroso = sweet, tasty [sweet, tāāst ēē]

· Ko’li [kōh- lee] = pequeño = small [smal]

· K’olok’ik [k- ole oak- ēēk] = esferico = spherical [sfer ik ul]

· Kow [kōaf] = duro = hard [hard]

· Kut [koot] = corto = short [short]

· Lokolik [lo coal ēēk] = torcido = twisted [twist ed]

· Maxko’ [mosh ko] = mucho = much [much]

· Muuj [mooh] = sombreado = shady [shāā dēē]

· Na’oj [naw ōh] = inteligente = intelligent [en tel itch ent]

· Nim [nēēm] = grande = large, big [larj, big]

· Nim [nēēm] = alto = tall [tawl]

· Nim raqan [nēēm rawk awn] = tall (persona) = tall (person) [tawl]

· Nimalaj [nēēm aw lawh] = muy grande = very large, very big [ver ēē larj, ver ēē big]

· Nimako’l [nēēm awk ōh- l] = mediano = medium [mēēd ēē um]

· Nojnaq [know knock] = lleno = full [full]

· Pa’pik [paw- pēēk] = vertical = vertical [vur tik ul]

· Ponopik [pown ōh pēēk] = inflado = inflated [in flāāt ed]

· Qas [kaws] = muy = very [ver ēē]

· Q’eq’ik [q- eq- ēēk] = inclinado = slanted [slant ed]

· Rob’arik [robe- are ēēk] = ovalado = oval [ōh vul]

· Saq [sawk] = limpio = clean, neat [klēēn, nēēt]

· Setesik [set es ēēk] = redondo = round [rownd]

· Sik- [sēēk-] = ruidoso = noisy [noy sēē]

· Sipojik [sip ōh hēēk] = hinchado = swollen [swōh len]

· Talani [tall awn ēē] = vacio = empty [emp tēē]

· Tikitik [tēēk ēē tēēk] = escarpado (bajando) = steep (going down) [stēēp]

· Tikoli [tik ōh lēē] = muy pequeno = very small [ver ēē smawl]

· Tino’y [tin ōh- yēē] = pequeno = small [smawl]

· Tz’iil [dz- ēēl] = sucio = dirty [durt ēē]

· Tzalatzik [dz- all aw dzēēk] = inclinado = slanted [slant ed]

· Tz’aratz’ik [dz- are rods- ēēk] = aplastado = flattened [flat tend]

· Utz [ootz] = bueno, bien, amable = good, well, friendly [gud, wel, frind lēē]

· Wuq’ub’ik [wooq- oob- ēēk] = débil = weak [wēēk]

· Yuquyik [yoo koo yēēk] = alargado = elongated [ēē long āāt ed]

· Yux [yoosh] = débil = weak [wēēk]

Prepositions/Conjunctions/Adverbs (Preposiciónes/Conjunciónes/Adverbios)

· Aaq’a’ [alk- ah-] = noche = night [night]

· Achib’il [awtch ēēb- ēēl] = accompanado, con = accompanied with, with [ak omp an ēēd with]

· Ajninaq [ah nēēn awk] = rápido = fast [fast]

· Aq’ab’iil [alk- awb- ēēl] = mañana = morning [morn ēēng]

· Chajniim [chah nēēm] = rápido = fast [fast]

· Chaqajalaal [chawk aw hall all] = de repente = suddenly [sud en lēē]

· Chi [chēē] = de, alrededor = of, around [uv, ar ownd]

· Chi kaaj [chēē kaw] = arriba, cielo = upwards, sky [up wurds, skay]

· Chi la’ [chēē law-] = allá/por allá (lejos) = there, that way (far) [ther, that wāi]

· Chi le’ [chēē lay-] = allí/por allí = there, that way [ther, that wāi]

· Chuwaaq [chew ock] = mañana = tomorrow [toom ar ōh]

· Ejqaal [eh kawl] = despacio = slowly [slō lēē]

· Ikem [ēē kem] = abajo = under [und ur]

· Iiwiir [ēē we’re] = ayer = yesterday [yes tur dāāy]

· K’a [k-aw] = hasta, desde, pues = until, since, well [unt il, sins, wel]

· Kaamiik [kaw mēēk] = hoy = today [too dāi]

· Kee la’ [key law-] = allá/por allá (lejos) = there, that way (far) [ther, that wāi]

· Kee wa ri’ [key wah rēē] = allí/por allí = there, that way [ther, that wāi]

· K’in [k- ēēn] = y = and [and]

· K’iy [k- ēē] = mucho = much [mach]

· Mariil [mar ēēl] = apenas = barely [bar lēē]

· Naqaaj [gnaw kaw] = cerca = near [ney ur]

· Naat [not] = lejos = far [far]

· Nik’ajq’iij [nēēk- alk- ēēh] = medio día = noon [noon]

· Owi [ōh wē] = o = or [or]

· Pa [paw] = dentro = inside [en siid]

· Ri’ [rēē-] = cercano = near, nearby [ner, ner bay]

· Taqajq’iij [tock alk- ēēh] = tarde = afternoon [af tur noon]

· Taqaan [tock awn] = tal vez = perhaps [pur haps]

· Ti [tēē] = ito (diminutivo) = y (diminutive) [ēē]

· Tz’iit [tz- eat] = poco = a bit [a bit]

· Wiij [wēēh- = atrás = behind [bēē haynd]

· Xaxa [shaw shaw] = (desvalor) = pshaw, whatever [pshaw, wat ev ur]

· Xee’ [shay-] = abajo = below [bēē lōō]